Radial growth refers to the increase in diameter of a tree trunk or stem over time. This growth is primarily driven by cell division in the cambium layer, which is a thin layer of cells located between the bark and wood of a tree. Researchers study radial growth to understand factors influencing tree growth, such as environmental conditions, climate change, and forest management practices. By analyzing radial growth patterns, scientists can gain insights into the health and resilience of trees, as well as broader ecosystem dynamics.